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1. Bologna
Bologna's principal industries are the produce of pasta and sausages (particularly mortadella), shoe production, chemicals, engineering and precision tools. The world's biggest fair of children's and young people's books is held here yearly. The town is also well-known for its culinary specialities; captain among them is the meat sauce "à la Bolognese". Bologna, capital of the region Emilia-Romagna and the region Bologna, lies in the fertile Upper Italian plain under the northern end of the Apennines. The town is the see of an archbishop and has a well-known university. It has a character all it’s own, with its long arcaded streets, its brick-built palaces, its numerous old churches, its curious leaning towers and the remains of its 8km/5mi circuit of 13th and 14th century walls. Verona is not able for its fine Romanesque churches (11th century), but is was also a considerable artistic center in the Renaissance period, especially in the field of architecture. Bologna, capital of the region Emilia-Romagna and the province Bologna, lies in the productive Upper Italian plain under the northern end of the Apennines. The town is the see of an archbishop and has a well-known university. It has a character all it’s own, with its long arcaded streets, its brick-built palaces, its numerous old churches, its curious leaning towers and the remains of its 8km/5mi circuit of 13th and 14th century walls.
2. Florence
Florence is the old capital of Tuscany, called "la Bella", and now a provincial capital, a university town and the see of an archbishop, is picturesquely located on both sides of the River Arno, encircled by Foot hills of the Apennines. While in ancient times the life of Italy was centered on Rome, from the middle Ages to our own day Florence has been its academic center. Here the Italian language and Italian literature were created, and here Italian art attained its best form. With its astonishing abundance of art treasures, its historical associations and its attractive environment, Florence is one of the world's greatest tourist centers.
3. Genoa
Genoa is capital of the region of Liguria, lies in the Gulf of Genoa (Golfo di Genova), the northern bay of the Ligurian Sea. Genoa is a conurbation (Greater Genoa) extend from Nervi to Voltri for a space of 35km /22mi along the coast. It is Italy's leading port and center of maritime trade, ranking with Marseilles as one of the two principal Mediterranean ports. It is also a university town and the see of an archbishop. Genoa, known as "la Superba" on account of its splendid marble palaces, has a magnificent position, particularly when seen from the sea, rising in a wide arc on the lower slopes of the Ligurian Apennines. The different parts of the town are connected by five road tunnels and high bridges, and two huge tower blocks form striking landmarks in the town center. The old town is a labyrinth of narrow streets, many of them steep, which are full with the colorful and noisy activity of a Mediterranean town. The new parts of the town with their tall modern buildings, gardens and villas lie in the plain at the mouth of the River Bisagno and on the higher ground to the north and west. The tall lighthouse on the west side is the emblem of the town.
4. Milan
Milan (Milano), capital of Lombardy and Italy's second biggest city, lies in the northwest of the Po plain at the junction of a number of important traffic routes from the Alps. Milan is Italy's principal manufacturing center, its most Important railroad junction and its leading banking and commercial city. It was one of the biggest silk markets in Europe and also a State and a Catholic university; it is the see of an archbishop. The main industries are textiles, producing cars, machinery and rolling-stock, chemicals (the Montecatini group) and papermaking.
5. Naples
The south Italian port town of Naples, principal town of the area of Campania and of the region of Napoli, lies on the north side of the Bay of Naples, on the Tyrrhenian Sea, extend along the lower slopes of beautiful hills. The old town with its narrow streets and stepped lanes and its tall balconied houses is fringed on the west and north by extensive villa suburbs and on the east by an industrial zone. In recent years much of the city has been redeveloped with new buildings and realigned streets, particularly in the area around the harbor, the Rione Santa Lucia. Naples possesses many historical monuments going back almost 3,000 years, particularly the treasures, to be seen in the National Museum, garnered from the cities engulf by Vesuvius; the port of Naples is of most importance for southern Italy. In November 1980 there was severe damage from earthquakes.
6. Palermo
Palermo, under the name of Balerm, was prepared the capital of the Emirs of Sicily. Reports by travelers of the time located its many mosques, palaces and irrigation plants on a par with those in Baghdad and Cordoba. The people increased to 300,000, with Arabs, Jews, Greeks and Negroes rubbing shoulders with the original native inhabitants. On Fifth January 1072, following its arrest by the Normans under Roger I of Hauteville and his brother Robert Guiscard, a new epoch began. In the 12th century Roger II and William II built churches and palaces, made Palermo into the glittering capital of the Monarchia Sicula and ruled with religious tolerance over Christians, Moslems and Jews alike. In 1194 the Hohenstaufens under Henry VI, the husband of Constance, the heir to the Norman throne, gained control from the Normans. In 1198 Henry's four-year-old son Frederick II was crowned king in Palermo. As under the Normans, his court built-in different nationalities and religions, which formed a Sicilian school of poets who wrote in the everyday language of the people.
7. Rome
Rome's environment is infected by vehicle emissions, etc.; many buildings in the inside the cities are in danger of becoming sacrifice to the pollution. Since the beginning of the eighties the authorities have been endeavoring to halt this decay by restorative measures. Rome saw a decrease in its population during the late 20th century as residents moved to close by communities. The reason for this reduces was motivated by diminished quality of life, rising pollution and continuous traffic issues. The recent population growth is due to cultural and economic changes as well as an influx of immigrants from other countries. Tourists visit year-round now even during the hot summer months, at one time businesses would close during August and that caused a reduce in visitors. Spring and fall are still the ideal times to visit Rome. Rome is an important center of air, rail and road communication, a major financial and commercial city (port at Civitavecchia, 75km/47mi northwest) and an international center of fashion and the film industry (Cinecittà). The city's industries, recognized mainly to the east and south, consist of engineering, printing and publishing, chemicals, the producing of telephones, textiles and foodstuffs.
8. Siena
Siena was a place of no consequence In Roman times, when it was known as Saena Julia. After the death of Countess Matilda of Tuscia in 1115 Siena - like Pisa, Lucca, Florence and other cities - gain its freedom. The government of the town remained in the hands of the local Ghibelline nobility, and this brought it into conflict with the Guelf city of Florence, its great rival in power and wealth, with which it was constantly at odds. After the fall of the Hohenstaufen Emperors, in 1270, Charles of Anjou won control of the town and made it a member of the Guelf League of Tuscan towns. In 1348 Siena was stricken by an outbreak of plague. A period of domestic troubles culminated in the establishment in 1487 of personal rule by Pandolfo Petrucci (known as IL Magnífico, the Magnificent), whose strict but beneficient régime is praised by Machiavelli. In 1555 Siena was taken by the Spaniards, who ceded it in 1559 to Duke Cosimo I of Tuscany. The great period of Sienese art was in the 13th and 14th centuries. The cathedral and numerous palaces in the town are outstanding monuments of Gothic architecture. The good brick-earth found in the surrounding area led to the extensive use of brick in building. The Sienese painters of the 13th and 14th century (Duccio, Simone Martini, the brothers Ambrogio, and Pietro Lorenzetti), with their delicate and graceful style, surpassed even the artists of Florence. Iácopo Della Quercia (1374-1438) was one of the founders of Renaissance sculpture, whose influence was still felt by Michelángelo.
9. Venice
Venice seems to have high season year-round although spring and fall are the busiest times as well as around Christmas and Carnevale in February. As a famous tourist hub, Venice is just right for hours of sightseeing among the many alleyways, endless mazes of backstreets and deserted squares. There are continuous activities and celebrations all over the year as well as numerous historical buildings and landmarks to visit. The artistic side of Venice is highlighted through the vast array of bronze work, tapestries and paintings in the galleries and on the structures. Venice, capital of the Veneto region and the province of Venezia, lies at the very head of the Adriatic, 4km / 2 1/2 miles from the mainland (rail and road causeway) in the Laguna Veneta, a salt-water lagoon 55km / 34 miles long and up to 12km / 7 1/2 miles wide which is separated from the Adriatic by a series of narrow splits of land (lidi).There are more than 30 larger and smaller islands in the lagoon.
10. Verona
Verona, capital of the region of the same name, lies at the point where the River Adige emerges from the Alps into the north Italian plain. The main part of the town is located below the Alpine foothills of the Altipiano dei Lessini on a peninsula Enclosed on two sides by the rapidly flowing Adige and connected with the districts on the left bank by ten bridges. Verona, a city rich in art and architecture, lies about 80km/50mi from Venice and the Adriatic. It is also a considerable commercial center, handling the produce (particularly fruit and vegetables) of the province's fertile irrigated soil. Verona is notable for its fine Romanesque churches (11th century), but is was also a considerable artistic center in the Renaissance period, particularly in the field of architecture. Its leading architects were the Dominican monk Fra Giocondo (c. 1433-1515) and Michele Sammichele (1484-1559). Sammichele sought to adorn his works of fortifications by the use of classical architectural forms, erected numerous splendid buildings and built the bastioned town walls (1530 onwards).
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